回弹法检测长龄期混凝土抗压强度的探讨与工程实践

参照行业标准(JGJ/T 23-2001)和地方标准(DB21/T834-2000),计算了实际工程长龄期混凝土的换算强度,并与芯样换算抗压强度进行了比较;提出了拓展回弹法检测长龄期混凝土抗压强度技术应用范围的建议.     

Nonlinear behavior of concrete-filled stainless steel stiffened slender tube columns

This paper investigates the nonlinear behavior of concrete-filled high strength stainless steel stiffened slender square and rectangular hollow section columns. The stiffened slender tubes had overall depth-to-plate thickness (D/t) ratios ranging 60–160. The concrete strengths covered normal and high-strength concrete. The investigation focused on short axially loaded columns. A nonlinear finite element (FE) model has been developed to study the behavior of the concrete-filled stiffened tube columns. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the effects of cross-section geometry and concrete strength on the behavior and strength of the columns. The results of the concrete-filled stiffened tube columns were compared with the results of the companion concrete-filled unstiffened tube columns. It is shown that the concrete-filled stiffened slender tube columns offer a considerable increase in the column strength and ductility than the concrete-filled unstiffened slender tube columns. The column strengths obtained from the FE analysis were compared with the design strengths calculated using the American specifications and Australian/New Zealand standards. A design equation was proposed for concrete-filled stainless steel stiffened slender tube columns. It is shown that the proposed modified equation provides more accurate design strengths compared to the American and Australian/New Zealand predictions.     

Buckling analysis of high strength stainless steel stiffened and unstiffened slender hollow section columns

This paper investigates the buckling behaviour of cold-formed high strength stainless steel stiffened and unstiffened slender square and rectangular hollow section columns. The high strength duplex material is austenitic-ferritic stainless steel approximately equivalent to EN 1.4462 and UNS S31803. The columns were compressed between fixed ends at different column lengths. A nonlinear finite element model has been developed to investigate the behaviour of stiffened slender square and rectangular hollow section columns. The column strengths, load-shortening curves as well as failure modes were predicted for the stiffened and unstiffened slender hollow section columns. An extensive parametric study was conducted to study the effects of cross-section geometries on the strength and behaviour of the stiffened and unstiffened columns. The investigation has shown that the high strength stainless steel stiffened slender hollow section columns offer a considerable increase in the column strength over that of the unstiffened slender hollow section columns. The column strengths predicted from the parametric study were compared with the design strengths calculated using the American Specification, Australian/New Zealand Standard and European Code for cold-formed stainless steel structures. It is shown that the design strengths obtained using the three specifications are generally conservative for the cold-formed stainless steel unstiffened slender square and rectangular hollow section columns, but slightly unconservative for the stiffened slender square and rectangular hollow section columns.     

Design of cold-formed stainless steel tubular T- and X-joints

This paper describes the numerical investigation of cold-formed stainless steel tubular T-joints, X-joints and X-joints with chord preload using finite element analysis. The stainless steel joints were fabricated from square hollow section (SHS) and rectangular hollow section (RHS) brace and chord members. The geometric and material nonlinearities of stainless steel tubular joints were carefully incorporated in the finite element models. The joint strengths, failure modes as well as load-deformation curves of stainless steel tubular joints were obtained from the numerical analysis. The nonlinear finite element models were calibrated against experimental results of cold-formed stainless steel SHS and RHS tubular T- and X-joints. Good agreement between the experimental and finite element analysis results was achieved. Therefore, an extensive parametric study of 172 T- and X-joints was then carried out using the verified finite element models to evaluate the effects of the strength and behaviour of cold-formed stainless steel tubular joints. The joint strengths obtained from the parametric study and tests were compared with the current design strengths calculated using the Australian/New Zealand Standard for stainless steel structures, CIDECT and Eurocode design rules for carbon steel tubular structures. Furthermore, design formulae of cold-formed stainless steel tubular T- and X-joints are proposed. A reliability analysis was performed to assess the reliability of the current and proposed design rules. It is shown that the design strengths calculated using the proposed equations are generally more accurate and reliable than those calculated using the current design rules.     

光照重力坝坝基断层影响及处理的三维数值模拟

200m级光照重力坝坝踵和坝趾分别存在较大规模的断层，为了分析和评价断层对重力坝应力位移和坝基稳定性的影响，以及建坝后由于围压变化导致的断层变形模量提高对坝体的影响，对重力坝典型坝段和坝基岩体的联合作用进行三维数值模拟。对两条断层分别进行浮值分析，用强度储备系数法计算受断层影响的坝基安全稳定性，并分别模拟对两条断层进行的不同方式加固处理措施进行模拟。研究结果表明，位于坝趾的F2断层对坝体应力位移状态影响较大，也是坝基稳定性的控制性因素之一，在进行固结灌浆处理提高强度后，不仅可以提高坝基稳定性，而且可使坝体应力状态得到改善。位于坝踵的F1断层开挖并回填混凝土处理不宜过深。同时，建坝后围压变化导致断层变形模量的提高对于坝体应力控制是有利的。     

About the penetration of a horizontal axis cylindrical vortex into the nearby downwind region of a vertical porous fence

Wind tunnel experiments have been conducted on a cylindrical vortex embedded in a low turbulence stationary horizontal stream, running through a two-dimensional narrow vertical woven fence located on the wind tunnel floor.The vortex was continuously generated upwind of the fence by means of a vortex tube located well below the fence top level, with its axis aligned with the mean velocity of the external stream. The fence installed along the entire width of the tunnel had a porosity of 70%. Visualization experiments showed that approaching the fence the vortex moves away from the mean wind direction of the adjacent stream along a rising curved trajectory while the direction of the surrounding mean flow remained nearly horizontal. The results suggest that this deviation could be promoted by the vortex slanting velocity field relative to the fence, which “sees” a fence with much lower optical porosity than the fence perpendicular velocity of the nearby mean flow.The fence top shear layer flow, which dominates the downwind evolution of the mixing layer, appears to be highly sensitive to the presence of this type of vortex. The most energetic changes in the flow due to the presence of the vortex occurred in the mixing layer region. Windbreaks are usually designed in terms of mean velocity, turbulence intensity, geometric dimensions, and porosity. The results presented in this paper suggest that the sheltering ability of a porous fence depend also on the particular flow pattern of the oncoming turbulent structures embedded in the incident wind. The results show the importance for a particular wind sheltering application in knowing a priori at least some aspects of the flow pattern of the most representative turbulent structures of the local wind.     

岩土类材料的统一强度理论及其应用

岩土类材料的强度理论是土木、水利、铁道、矿业等工程中的一个重要的基本问题。以往各种强度理论一般只适用于某一类特定的材料。本文对材料强度理论不作任何假设（如外凸性等），直接根据材料单向拉伸和单向压缩强度极限（也可用岩土工程中常用的材料强度参数Ｃ＿０和φ），从一个统一的单元体模型出发，考虑所有应力分量以及它们对材料破坏的不同影响，建立一个能够适用于各类材料的统一强度理论和统一形式的数学表达式。它包含了现有各种主要强度理论和一些尚未表达过的新的强度理论。按统一强度理论表达式得出的两大族８种强度准则可以适用于各种岩土类材料，并可由此蜕化得出两族适用于金属材料的统一形式屈服准则。     

激电异常在柬埔寨煤矿勘查中的指示意义

矿区煤层为走向近东西急倾斜的单斜产出,埋藏深度5 m左右,埋藏浅。经物性测定煤层整体表现为高阻、中高极化"两高"的地球物理特征。区内地势平缓,侏罗系受后期岩浆热液侵入和构造断裂变质作用不明显。地面干扰因素极为有限,为找寻隐伏煤层提供了地球物理前提。时间域激发极化法,通过激电中梯测量圈定激电异常,划定煤层范围和位置,通过激电测深,可定性、定量计算出隐伏矿床的产状、埋深、规模及空间展布特征等参数。后经钻探验证与推测煤层位置及深度基本吻合。按不同的工程网度求取资源量,实现了较好的经济效益和社会效益。     

Elastic–brittle–plastic analysis of circular openings in Hoek–Brown media

A closed-form solution is presented in this paper for the prediction of displacements around circular openings in a brittle rock mass subject to a hydrostatic stress field. The rock mass is assumed to be governed by Hoek–Brown yield criterion and a non-associated flow rule is used. For the elastic–brittle–plastic analysis of circular openings in an infinite Hoek–Brown medium, the existing analytical solutions were found to be incorrect. The present closed-form solution is based on a theoretically consistent method and the solution does not require the use of any numerical method.The present closed-form solution was validated by using the finite element method. In the finite element analysis, the infinite boundary was simulated “exactly” by using the newly developed elastic support method. Several cases were analyzed and the present closed-form solutions for stresses and displacements were found to be in an excellent agreement with those obtained by using the finite element method.     

沥青混凝土路面非荷载性裂缝形成机理研究

裂缝是沥青混凝土路面的主要缺陷之一。早期裂缝对路面使用性能不会产生明显影响。然而，裂缝的扩展最终会导致沥青路面结构性破坏。引起沥青混凝土路面裂缝的原因错综复杂，不过可以将这些复杂原因引起的裂缝归结为荷载性裂缝和非荷载性裂缝两大类。温度裂缝和反射裂缝是非荷载裂缝的两种主要形式。从非荷载性裂缝的角度出发，详细分析了温度收缩裂缝、温度梯度裂缝和反射裂缝形成的机理，指出温度梯度是引起路面横向裂缝的主要原因，而反射裂缝是半刚性基层裂缝和温度裂缝综合作用的结果。